Sputum Cytology Test

What is this test?

This test is used to find out whether the individual is infected with tuberculosis TB or not by analyzing the sputum of an individual. This is one of the frequent tests used to diagnose and asses an active tubercular infection.

What is a bacterial culture?

In laboratories, the bacteria are often grown with the help of growth media (nutrient preparation which acts as a source of food for the bacteria). The grown bacteria is observed under a microscope to identify the type of bacteria. The process is called as bacterial culturing. The bacterial culturing is often used in the field of medicine to identify the species of bacteria causing the infection and to know what kind of medicines are effective in killing the bacteria and planning the treatment accordingly.

What is tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis TB is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTB. Generally, TB affects the lungs and sometimes it can also affect other organs and parts of the body. MTB is airborne and can spread through the air from one person to another. Individuals who are suffering from TB may experience symptoms such as cough which lasts more than 2-3 weeks, cough with blood, chest pain, difficulty in breathing, weight loss, fever, night sweats, etc.

Why is this test recommended?

This test is performed to check the presence of tuberculosis bacteria in the sputum of an individual. The doctor may ask you to undergo this test if you are suffering from symptoms such as long-lasting cough, chest pain, difficulty in breathing, weight loss, fever, etc.

If you are on treatment for tuberculosis, then the doctor may ask you to perform this test to evaluate and to check the effectiveness of the treatment and to check whether the bacterium is resistant to TB drugs such as rifampicin. Mostly, this test is done along with other tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Precautions:

Some medications may change the test results and hence you are advised to inform all your current medications to the doctor prior to the test.